Doctors have used ground-breaking surgery on an unborn baby to successfully correct a birth defect while he was still inside the womb
His mother, Maisie Savage, from London, was operated on by doctors in the US while she was 26 weeks pregnant.
Baby Theo, who is now five months old and thriving, had gastroschisis, where the belly button does not develop properly, causing the intestines to grow externally.
Doctors partially exposed his mother’s womb and then gently pushed his organs back inside his abdomen using keyhole surgery.
He was the third baby in the world to benefit from the first-of-its-kind clinical trial.
Maisie, 29, and Theo’s father, Josh French, 36, both teachers, say they are incredibly relieved by the success of the pioneering surgery.
“He’s a little miracle, isn’t he?” Maisie told BBC News.
But they both know things could have been very different.
The serious birth defect affects one in 3,000 UK babies each year. In the best-case scenarios, babies can require weeks in intensive care and nutritional feeding through a tube or IV and corrective surgery.
For the most complex cases, like Theo’s, outcomes are far more serious with up to six months in neonatal intensive care, multiple surgeries, IV nutritional feeding for up to two years, and a possible intestinal transplant.
Even with the highest level of medical care, one in 10 babies will d!e.
Theo’s parents initially had no idea anything was wrong with their unborn child.
“Going towards a 20-week scan, we were purely just excited to have an image of our baby,” said Josh. “We didn’t know he was going to be a ‘he’ at the time.”
Josh said discovering Theo had gastroschisis had been a shock and “incredibly scary”.
However, after discovering he had the more serious condition of complex gastroschisis, doctors referred him to Texas Children’s Hospital, in Houston.
Maisie was told she would have to travel to Texas straight away and remain there for the rest of her pregnancy. “It was a huge decision,” she said.
As part of the trial she first had to travel to Leuven Hospital, in Belgium, where specialists needed to give Maisie a Botox injection through her womb into Theo’s abdominal wall, to relax the muscles to make the repair easier.
The family then flew to Texas where the operation was performed in November last year, 26 weeks into the pregnancy.
Maisie’s womb was partially exposed to position the uterus and baby, the amniotic fluid was drained and replaced with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas to expand the operating space. Using keyhole surgery, Theo’s organs were then gently pushed back inside his abdomen, which was stitched closed.
Maisie was left with a scar, twice the size of a C-section incision. But unlike other women who are recovering from a C-section, she still had a baby to grow inside her for another 14 weeks.
She said Theo would often kick inside her, hitting her scar and causing her pain. “It was a hard recovery,” Maise said. “But, it was worth it.”
Theo was finally born by vaginal delivery.
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